레위기 Chapter 23

Translation: ESV

1

The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

Key Message

God's appointed feasts are a holy structure of time for remembering the history of salvation and looking forward to its future completion.

▸Leviticus 23 presents all seven of Israel's appointed feasts together in a single chapter.

Leviticus 23 presents all seven of Israel's appointed feasts together in a single chapter. These feasts are not mere religious events but God's structure of time — a means of remembering the history of God's salvation and looking forward to its future completion.

Related Verses

These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.
3

"Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day is a Sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation. You shall do no work. It is a Sabbath to the LORD in all your dwelling places.

Key Message

Rest is the foundation of the created order; resting within God's time is an act of acknowledging his sovereignty.

▸The Sabbath appears first in the list of feasts.

5

In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight, is the LORD's Passover.

Key Message

The blood of the Passover lamb foreshadows the atoning blood of Jesus Christ, and we are saved by that blood.

▸Passover is the first of Israel's feasts, commemorating the salvation of the Exodus.

10

"Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, When you come into the land that I give you and reap its harvest, you shall bring the sheaf of the firstfruits of your harvest to the priest,

Key Message

The first sheaf of the Feast of Firstfruits foreshadows the resurrection of Jesus; the risen Jesus is the firstfruit who has overcome death.

▸The Feast of Firstfruits (presenting the first sheaf) is a feast observed on the day after the Sabbath during Passover week.

15

"You shall count seven full weeks from the day after the Sabbath, from the day that you brought the sheaf of the wave offering.

Key Message

The fifty-day count from the Feast of Firstfruits to Pentecost foreshadowed the fifty days from the resurrection of Jesus to the outpouring of the Spirit.

▸Counting fifty days from the Feast of Firstfruits leads to Pentecost (the Festival of Weeks).

16

You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath. Then you shall present a grain offering of new grain to the LORD.

Key Message

The new grain offering of Pentecost foreshadows the birth of a new community (the church) brought about by the work of the Spirit.

▸The Hebrew 'fifty' ('chamishim') is the origin of the name Pentecost (Greek 'pentekostos', fiftieth).

24

"Speak to the people of Israel, saying, In the seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall observe a day of solemn rest, a memorial proclaimed with blast of trumpets, a holy convocation.

Key Message

The trumpet blast is a proclamation of God's presence and judgment, connected to the eschatological trumpet yet to come.

▸This is the Feast of Trumpets (Rosh Hashanah) on the first day of the seventh month.

27

"Now on the tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. It shall be for you a time of holy convocation, and you shall afflict yourselves and present a food offering to the LORD.

Key Message

The Day of Atonement foreshadows the perfect atoning work of Jesus Christ; in Christ, once-for-all eternal atonement has been accomplished.

▸The Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur) falls on the tenth day of the seventh month; the detailed atonement ceremony of Leviticus 16 takes place on this day.

34

"Speak to the people of Israel, saying, On the fifteenth day of this seventh month and for seven days is the Feast of Booths to the LORD.

Key Message

The Feast of Tabernacles commemorates the wilderness life, giving thanks for God's faithful provision, and looking forward to the perfect Kingdom of God yet to come.

▸The Feast of Booths (Sukkot) is observed from the fifteenth day of the seventh month for seven days.

43

that your generations may know that I made the people of Israel dwell in booths when I brought them out of the land of Egypt: I am the LORD your God."

Key Message

The faith community must transmit God's history of salvation from generation to generation through feasts and rituals.

▸The historical meaning of the Feast of Tabernacles is presented.