출애굽기 Chapter 12

Translation: ESV

1

The LORD said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt,

Key Message

By establishing a worship institution before the salvation event, God declares that Israel's identity is as a community of worshippers.

▸The beginning of the Passover institution.

The beginning of the Passover institution. The first festive institution God gives Israel is given before the departure. The fact that worship and institution precede the salvation event shows that Israel's identity depends on what they do (worship). From this moment, Israel's calendar itself is reconstituted.

Related Verses

For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed.
2

This month shall be for you the beginning of months. It shall be the first month of the year for you.

Key Message

Making the day of salvation the beginning of the new year means time itself is reorganized around God's redemptive history.

▸The month of Abib (later called Nisan), containing the Passover, is designated as the first month of the year.

7

Then they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses in which they eat it.

Key Message

The blood of the Passover lamb is the sign that protects from the judgment of death, foreshadowing salvation through the blood of Jesus Christ.

▸The act of applying the blood of the Passover lamb to the doorposts and lintel is the core symbol of atonement and protection.

11

In this manner you shall eat it: with your belt fastened, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. And you shall eat it in haste. It is the LORD's Passover.

Key Message

The Passover meal is a dynamic worship that is both gratitude for salvation and must be eaten in the posture of complete readiness for the new journey.

▸The posture for the Passover meal—belt fastened, sandals on feet, staff in hand, eating in haste—is the posture of complete readiness for departure.

13

The blood shall be a sign for you, on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and no plague will befall you to destroy you, when I strike the land of Egypt.

Key Message

Salvation is accomplished not by human righteousness but by the blood sign God has established; this principle is completed in Jesus Christ's atonement.

▸'When I see the blood, I will pass over you' is the theological core of the Passover.

14

This day shall be for you a memorial day, and you shall keep it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations, as a statute forever, you shall keep it as a feast.

Key Message

The memory of salvation is not a personal past but a living faith heritage that the community brings into the present across generations.

▸'Memorial' is the Hebrew zikkaron (memorial, remembrance), not mere memory but a living memory that re-experiences that event in the present.

29

At midnight the LORD struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of the livestock.

Key Message

God's judgment comes without exception; the paradox that the same night becomes a complete night of salvation for His own people is the core of the Passover.

▸The tenth plague is executed.

46

It shall be eaten in one house; you shall not take any of the flesh outside the house, and you shall not break any of its bones.

Key Message

The detailed regulations of the Passover lamb precisely foreshadow Jesus Christ's crucifixion; the Old Testament type is fulfilled as reality in the New Testament.

▸The regulation that the bones of the Passover lamb must not be broken is connected in John's Gospel with the soldiers not breaking Jesus' legs when He died on the cross (John 19:33).