창세기 Chapter 19

Translation: ESV

1

The two angels came to Sodom in the evening, and Lot was sitting in the gate of Sodom. When Lot saw them, he rose to meet them and bowed himself with his face to the earth

Key Message

Lot had been assimilated into Sodom, but had not lost the virtue of hospitality. It is important to maintain the virtues of faith even while living in the world.

The two angels among the three visitors in Genesis 18 arrive at Sodom, and Lot is sitting at the gate of the city.

The two angels among the three visitors in Genesis 18 arrive at Sodom, and Lot is sitting at the gate of the city. The city gate was the place where elders sat to judge and conduct public affairs in ancient cities, and Lot sitting at the gate indicates that he held a considerable position in Sodom. Lot's welcoming and prostrating is a pattern similar to Abraham's hospitality (Gen 18:2).

2

He said, 'My lords, please turn aside to your servant's house and spend the night and wash your feet. Then you may rise up early and go on your way.' They said, 'No; we will spend the night in the town square.'

Key Message

Lot's hospitality was a righteous act to protect strangers from the dangers of Sodom; sincere hospitality becomes a shield against evil.

Lot urges the angels to stay in his house.

3

But he pressed them strongly; so they turned aside to him and entered his house. And he made them a feast and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.

Key Message

Insistent hospitality and immediate service is true hospitality; Lot fulfilled his duty for his guests even in danger.

The angels enter his house at Lot's insistence.

4

But before they lay down, the men of the city, the men of Sodom, both young and old, all the people to the last man, surrounded the house.

Key Message

Sodom's evil was not the evil of a few but the evil of all, showing that the moral corruption of society as a whole is the reason for judgment.

The expressions 'both young and old' and 'all the people to the last man' show that Sodom's evil was not confined to some class or region but was pervasive throughout the entire city.

5

And they called to Lot, 'Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us, that we may know them.'

Key Message

Sodom's sin was violent evil that exploits the weak and violates hospitality law; this is the direct cause of judgment.

'Know them (yada)' in Hebrew means 'to know' but is a euphemism for sexual acts.

6

Lot went out to the men at the entrance, shut the door after him,

Key Message

Lot protected his guests by exposing himself to danger, and this courageous hospitality is an expression of his righteousness.

Lot goes out through the door and tries to protect the angels.

7

and said, 'I beg you, my brothers, do not act so wickedly.

Key Message

Even when assimilated into the world, one must have the courage to call evil evil; standing against evil is the mark of the righteous.

Lot addresses the mob as 'brothers' and attempts dialogue.

8

Behold, I have two daughters who have not known any man. Let me bring them out to you, and do to them as you please. Only do nothing to these men, for they have come under the shelter of my roof.'

Key Message

Sodom's environment distorted Lot's moral judgment; long exposure to a wrong environment creates moral confusion.

Lot's proposal to hand over his daughters instead is shocking to modern readers.

9

But they said, 'Stand back!' And they said, 'This fellow came to sojourn, and he has become the judge! Now we will deal worse with you than with them.' Then they pressed hard against the man Lot, and drew near to break the door down.

Key Message

A moral voice is always rejected in an evil society, but not losing that voice is the role of the righteous.

The men of Sodom reject Lot's counsel and instead try to attack him.

10

But the men reached out their hands and brought Lot into the house with them and shut the door.

Key Message

When human protective ability is exhausted, God directly intervenes; God's power to protect his people is unlimited.

At the moment of crisis, the angels directly intervene.

11

And they struck with blindness the men who were at the entrance of the house, both small and great, so that they wore themselves out groping for the door.

Key Message

God neutralizes the power of the wicked for his people, and supernatural protection comes at the moment of crisis.

The angels strike the men of Sodom with blindness.

12

Then the men said to Lot, 'Have you anyone else here? Sons-in-law, sons, daughters, or anyone you have in the city, bring them out of the place.

Key Message

Even within God's judgment, salvation extends as broadly as possible; one person's faith leads the entire family to the way of salvation.

The angels command Lot to escape with his family.

13

For we are about to destroy this place, because the outcry against its people has become great before the LORD, and the LORD has sent us to destroy it.'

Key Message

God's judgment is a response to the outcry of the wronged; it is God's just intervention against injustice.

The angels reveal their mission.

14

So Lot went out and said to his sons-in-law, who were to marry his daughters, 'Up! Get out of this place, for the LORD is about to destroy the city.' But he seemed to his sons-in-law to be jesting.

Key Message

Spiritual insensitivity that treats warnings of judgment as jokes leads one to destruction. God's warnings must be taken seriously.

Lot urges his sons-in-law to flee, but they take it as a joke.

15

As morning dawned, the angels urged Lot, saying, 'Up! Take your wife and your two daughters who are here, lest you be swept away in the punishment of the city.'

Key Message

The opportunity for salvation is limited, and God's urging is a gracious warning. One must respond without delay.

At dawn the angels urge Lot.

16

But he lingered. So the men seized him and his wife and his two daughters by the hand, the LORD being merciful to him, and they brought him out and set him outside the city.

Key Message

Leading out even those who linger by force is also God's mercy; God saves despite our half-hearted response.

Lot lingers.

17

And as they brought them out, one said, 'Escape for your life. Do not look back or stop anywhere in the valley. Escape to the hills, lest you be swept away.'

Key Message

Having entered the way of salvation, the posture of faith is not to look back at the past but to run forward.

'Do not look back' is the key warning of this chapter.

24

Then the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah sulfur and fire from the LORD out of heaven.

Key Message

God's judgment is real and historical, a just retribution for persistent evil.

The expression 'from the LORD out of heaven' is also interpreted Trinitarianly, suggesting at least a relationship between two divine beings.

25

And he overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground.

Key Message

God's judgment is thorough and complete, showing the completeness of judgment corresponding to the completeness of sin.

The complete destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is declared.

26

But Lot's wife, behind him, looked back, and she became a pillar of salt.

Key Message

For the saved to return to the past is death; decisive forward progress is the life of faith.

Lot's wife who violated the warning in verse 17 — 'do not look back' — becomes a pillar of salt.

27

And Abraham went early in the morning to the place where he had stood before the LORD.

Key Message

The one who prayed returns to confirm the answer; Abraham's early morning is an expression of earnestness toward God.

Abraham returns to the place where he offered the intercessory prayer.

28

and he looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and toward all the land of the valley, and he looked and, behold, the smoke of the land went up like the smoke of a furnace.

Key Message

Even those who offered intercessory prayers must sometimes face the reality of judgment; prayer does not override God's justice.

Abraham witnesses Sodom and Gomorrah burning.

29

So it was that, when God destroyed the cities of the valley, God remembered Abraham and sent Lot out of the midst of the overthrow when he overthrew the cities in which Lot had lived.

Key Message

Intercessory prayer has the power to lead others to salvation; God remembers the prayer of the righteous and saves another through that relationship.

It is explicitly stated that Lot's salvation was because of his relationship with Abraham.

30

Now Lot went up out of Zoar and lived in the hills with his two daughters, for he was afraid to live in Zoar. So he lived in a cave with his two daughters.

Key Message

The end of a life that chose the world is often loneliness and fear; a life following God's guidance is true safety.

Lot eventually moves to the mountains the angels told him to flee to.

37

The firstborn bore a son and called his name Moab. He is the father of the Moabites to this day.

Key Message

Even from a shameful origin, God's redemptive history continues; Ruth shows that Moab is also included in the messianic genealogy.

As a result of the action of Lot's daughters (the relationship with Lot in verses 31-36), Moab is born.

38

The younger also bore a son and called his name Ben-ammi. He is the father of the Ammonites to this day.

Key Message

After Sodom's destruction, the history of Lot's family had a shameful beginning, but these peoples were also within God's history.

Ben-ammi means 'son of my kinsman,' a name that also hints at incestuous origin.